Yahluke njani itruffle emnyama yaseHimalaya kwitruffle yaseItali

Inkcazo/Ukungcamla
I-truffles ezimnyama zaseAsia ziyahluka ngobukhulu kunye nokumila ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokukhula, kodwa zincinci, ziphakathi kwe-2 ukuya kwi-5 yeesentimitha ububanzi, kwaye zinembonakalo yeglobula. Amakhowa amnyama-mdaka aqhele ukubunjwa kumatye emhlabeni kwaye anomhlaba orhabaxa, ogqunywe ngamaqhuma amancinci, amaqhuma, kunye neentanda. Ngaphantsi komphandle orhabaxa, inyama inesponji, imnyama kwaye iyahlafuna, yenziwe ibhastile enemithambo emhlophe egqagqeneyo. I-truffles ezimnyama zase-Asia ziya kuba nokuthungwa okunwebeka ngakumbi kuneetruffles ezimnyama zaseYurophu kunye nombala omnyama kancinane, kunye nemithambo embalwa. Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia zinevumba elimfiliba le-musky kwaye inyama inencasa ethambileyo, enomhlaba.

Amaxesha / ukufumaneka
Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia ziyafumaneka ukusuka ngasekupheleni kwekwindla ukuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Iinyani zangoku
Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia ziyinxalenye yohlobo lweTuber kwaye zikwaziwa njenge truffles ezimnyama zaseTshayina, iitruffles ezimnyama zeHimalayan kunye neetruffles zasebusika zaseAsia ezimnyama, ezizezosapho lweTuberaceae. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zetruffles ezifumaneka phakathi kohlobo lweTuber, kwaye igama elithi Asian black truffle yinkcazo jikelele esetyenziswayo ukuchaza ezinye zezi ntlobo zetuber ezivunwa eAsia. I-Tuber indicum yeyona ntlobo ixhaphakileyo ye-Asian black truffle, ebhalwe ukusukela ngo-80s, kodwa xa oosonzululwazi baqala ukufunda nge-molecular structures ze-mushroom, bafumanisa ukuba kukho ezinye iintlobo ezisondeleleneyo, eziquka i-Tuber himalayense kunye ne-Tuber sinensis. Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia zikhula ngokwendalo kangangamawaka eminyaka, kodwa iitruffles azizange zibonwe njengempahla yorhwebo de kwafika iminyaka yoo-1900. Ngeli xesha, ishishini letruffle laseYurophu lasokola ukuhambisana nemfuno, kwaye iinkampani zaseTshayina zaqala ukuthumela ngaphandle iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia. ukuya eYurophu endaweni yeetruffles zasebusika ezimnyama zaseYurophu. Kwabakho i-truffle boom ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke elase-Asiya, ngakumbi i-China, kwaye ii-truffles ezincinci zathunyelwa ngokukhawuleza eYurophu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima koorhulumente baseYurophu ukulawula ii-truffles. Ngokunqongophala kommiselo, ezinye iinkampani ziqalisile ukuthengisa iitruffle ezimnyama zaseAsia phantsi kwegama elinqabileyo le-European Perigord truffle ngamaxabiso aphezulu, nto leyo ebangela impikiswano phakathi kwabazingeli betruffle kwiYurophu iphela. Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia zifana ngokumangalisayo ngenkangeleko yeetruffles ezimnyama zaseYurophu, kodwa azinalo ivumba elimnandi kunye nencasa. Abenzi bomgunyathi baxuba iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia kunye neetruffles zokwenyani zePerigord ukuze babuyekeze ukunqongophala kwevumba, bevumela iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia ukuba zifunxe ivumba elahlukileyo ukwenza iitruffles phantse zingabonakali. Kule mihla, kusekho ingxabano eshushu malunga nomgangatho wee-truffles ezimnyama zaseAsia xa kuthelekiswa neetruffle zaseYurophu, kwaye iitruffles kufuneka zithengwe ngemithombo ethembekileyo.

Ixabiso lesondlo
Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia zibonelela nge-vitamin C ukuqinisa amajoni omzimba, ukwandisa ukuveliswa kwe-collagen kunye nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. I-Truffles ikwangumthombo we-antioxidants ukukhusela umzimba kumonakalo omkhulu wamahhala kwaye iqulethe ixabiso elincinci le-zinc, isinyithi, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-fiber, i-manganese kunye ne-phosphorus. Kwiyeza lesiNtu laseTshayina, ii-truffles ezimnyama zisetyenziswe ngamayeza ukubuyisela ukutya, ukuvuselela kunye nokukhupha amalungu omzimba, kunye nokulinganisela umzimba.

izicelo
Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia zisetyenziswa kakuhle kancinci kwizicelo ezikrwada okanye ezishushu kancinci, ezichetyiweyo, zigcwelwe, zigcadwe, okanye zisikiwe kancinci. I-flavour ethambileyo, i-musky, i-earth ye-truffles incedisa izitya ezinobuncwane, izinto ezinamafutha, iwayini okanye i-sauces esekelwe kwi-cream, i-oyile, kunye nezithako ezingathathi hlangothi ezifana neetapile, irayisi kunye ne-pasta. Iitruffles kufuneka zicocwe phambi kokuba zisetyenziswe kwaye kucetyiswa ukuxutywa okanye ukukhuhla umphezulu kunokuba kuhlanjululwe phantsi kwamanzi njengoko ukufuma kuya kubangela ukubola kwefungus. Nje ukuba zicociwe, ii-truffles ezimnyama zaseAsia zinokugaywa zintsha njenge-condiment yokugqibela kwi-pasta, inyama egcadiweyo, iirisotto, isuphu kunye namaqanda. E-China, ii-truffles ezimnyama zase-Asia ziya zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kodidi oluphezulu, kwaye i-truffles ifakwe kwi-sushi, isuphu, i-sausage kunye ne-truffle dumplings. Abapheki bakwafaka ii-truffles ezimnyama zaseAsia kwiikuki, iiliqueurs kunye neemoncakes. Ehlabathini lonke, ii-truffles ezimnyama zase-Asia zenziwa ibhotolo, zigalelwe kwi-oyile nobusi, okanye zigaywe zibe ziisosi. Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia zidibana kakuhle kunye nenyama efana nemvana, inkukhu, inyamakazi kunye nenyama yenkomo, ukutya kwaselwandle, i-foie gras, itshizi ezinjengebhokhwe, iParmesan, ifontina, i-chevre kunye ne-gouda, kunye nemifuno efana ne-tarragon, i-basil kunye ne-arugula. Iitruffle ezitsha zaseAsia ezimnyama ziya kuhlala ukuya kwiveki xa zigqunywe kwitawuli yephepha okanye ilaphu elifunxa umswakama kwaye ligcinwe kwisitya esitywiniweyo kwidrowa epholileyo yefriji. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-truffle kufuneka ihlale yomile kumgangatho ophezulu kunye ne-flavour. Ukuba ugcina ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezimbalwa, buyisela iitawuli zephepha rhoqo ukuze uthintele ukwakheka kokufuma njengoko umngundo uya kukhulula ngokwendalo ukufuma ngexesha lokugcinwa. Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia nazo zinokugqunywa kwifoyile, zibekwe kwingxowa yesikhenkcezisi, kwaye zikhenkcezwe kangangeenyanga ezi-1-3.

Ulwazi ngobuhlanga/ngenkcubeko
Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia zivunwa ikakhulu kwiphondo laseTshayina laseYunnan. Ngokwembali, iitruffles ezincinci ezimnyama zazingatyiwa ngabahlali belali kwaye zazinikwa iihagu njengokutya kwezilwanyana. Ekuqaleni koo-90, iinkampani zetruffle zafika eYunnan kwaye zaqalisa ukufumana iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia ukuze zithunyelwe eYurophu ukuze zikhuphisane nemarike yetruffle yePerigord. Njengoko imfuneko yeetruffles yayisanda, abalimi baseYunnan baqalisa ngokukhawuleza ukuvuna iitruffles kumahlathi akufutshane. Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia zikhula ngokwendalo emazantsi emithi kwaye izivuno zokuqala zetruffle zazininzi eYunnan, zenza umthombo okhawulezayo nosebenzayo wengeniso kwiintsapho. Abalimi baseYunnan bagqabaze ukuba ukuvuna iitruffles kuyiphindaphinde kabini ingeniso yabo yonyaka, kwaye inkqubo ifuna kancinci ukuya kuthi ga kwiindleko zangaphambili, njengoko iitruffles zikhula ngokwemvelo ngaphandle koncedo lomntu. Ngaphandle kweshishini eliphumelelayo kubahlali, ngokungafaniyo neYurophu apho ukuvunwa kwetruffle kulawulwa ngokungqongqo, uninzi lokuvunwa kwetruffle alulawulwa eTshayina, okukhokelela ekuvuneni okugqithisileyo. Abazingeli baseTshayina betruffle basebenzisa iirakhi ezinamazinyo kunye namagaba ukwemba malunga nonyawo emhlabeni ujikeleze emazantsi emithi ukuze bafumane ezo truffles. Le nkqubo iphazamisa ukubunjwa komhlaba ojikeleze imithi kwaye iveze iingcambu zomthi emoyeni, nto leyo enokonakalisa uxhumano lwe-symbiotic phakathi komngundo kunye nomthi. Ngaphandle kolu nxibelelwano, iitruffles ezintsha ziya kuyeka ukukhula ukuze zivunwe kwixesha elizayo. Iingcali zoyika ukuba ukuvuna kakhulu kwe-China ii-truffles ezimnyama zase-Asia kubangela ukusilela kweli lizwe kwixesha elizayo, njengoko amahlathi amaninzi ebekade ebambe ii-truffles ngoku engasavelisi amakhowa ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala. Uninzi lwee-truffles ezimnyama zaseAsia nazo zivunwa kumhlaba wombuso, okukhokelela abazingeli ukuba baqhube kwaye bavune iitruffles ngaphambi kokuba abanye abazingeli bathathe iitruffles. Oku kukhokelele ekungeneni kweetruffles ezingekavuthwa ezithengiswa kwiimarike ezinencasa encinci kunye nokuhlafunwayo.

IJografi/iMbali
Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia zikhule ngokwendalo kufutshane naphantsi kwepayina kunye nezinye iiconifers kulo lonke elaseAsia ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo. Iitruffles zasebusika zinokufumaneka kwimimandla yaseIndiya, eNepal, eTibet, eBhutan, eTshayina naseJapan, kwaye iitruffles zidla ngokuqalisa ukuqhama xa izityalo ezizisingathayo zineminyaka elishumi ubuncinane ubudala. Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia azizange zivunwe kakhulu de kwasebutsheni beminyaka yee-90 xa amafama aqala ukuthumela iitruffles eYurophu. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-90s, isivuno saseAsia esimnyama siqhubekile sikhula, sinyusa inani labazingeli betruffle kwiAsia iphela. E-China, ii-truffles ezimnyama zase-Asia zivunwa ikakhulu kwiphondo lase-Sichuan kunye ne-Yunnan, kunye ne-Yunnan evelisa ngaphezulu kwamashumi asixhenxe eepesenti zetruffle ezimnyama ezithengiswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia zikwafumaneka kwimiyinge emincinci kwiphondo laseLiaoning, Hebei kunye neHeilongjiang, kwaye iifama ezikhethiweyo zizama ukukhulisa iitruffles ezimnyama zaseAsia ukuze zisetyenziswe kurhwebo. Namhlanje, ii-truffles ezimnyama zaseAsia zithunyelwa kumazwe ngamazwe eYurophu nakuMntla Melika. Iitruffles zikwasetyenziswa kwilizwe lonke kwaye ubukhulu becala zithunyelwa kwiindawo zokutyela eziphezulu kwizixeko ezikhulu, kubandakanya iGuangzhou kunye neShanghai.